lunes, 17 de agosto de 2020

VOWEL SOUND IN THE VIETOR TRIANGLE, DIPHTONGS AND THIPHTHONGS

VOWEL SOUND IN THE VIETOR TRIANGLE, DIPHTHONGS AND TRIPHTHONGS

1.           VOWEL SOUND IN THE VIETOR TRIANGLE

A Victor Triangle is a schematic representation of vowel sounds, created by Wilhelm Vietor (1850-1918, German philologist and phonetician).
"is
a vowel triangle which shows the differences among the vowel sounds in English and their relative positions on the tongue" (Grinchenko, 2006)

Vowels are produced with at least a part of their vocal tract obstructed.

contains two axes:

      

a. horizontal axis – from front to

      (front, center, back)

      roof of the mouth

b. vertical axis – from the floor to the

       (high, mid, low)

A vowel diagram or vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of the vowels. Depending on the particular language being discussed, it can take the form of a triangle or a quadrilateral.

Vertical position on the diagram denotes the vowel closeness. With close vowels at the top of the diagram, and horizontal position denotes the vowel blackness, with front vowels at the left of the diagram. Vowels are unique in that their main features do not contain differences in voicing, manner, or place (articulation).

Vowels differ only in the position of the tongue when voiced. The tongue moves either vertically and horizontally within the oral cavity.


2.      DIPHHONGS

His words diphthong comes from the Latin diphthongs, a word that at the same time has its origin in a word derived from Greek language. The term refers to the union or the combination of a pair of adjacent vowels that are expressed in the same syllable. It is a vowel that has two different targets (Briceño, 2017).

2.1.            WHAT IS THE DIPHTHONG?

are those sounds which combine two vowel sounds and which blend them into one within a syllable ,   a type of sound chain that is formed by the articulation of two adjacent vowels followed by each other without any interruption, generating a smooth transition that characterizes the timbres of each vowel. (Estrella, 2020)

The diphthong is the union that occurs between two different vowels that are placed continuously within the same syllable and may be formed by an open vowel such as e, e, o, and a closed vowel such as i and u. The process by which one vowel sound moved to another is known as gliding, this is the reason why a diphthong is also called “gliding vowel”. Another types of names to refer to this type of sound are compound vowels, complex or moving vowels. It is important to mention that the sound change that converts a single vowel into a diphthong is known as diphthongization.

 For example:

The sound /ei/ in play has two vowel sounds, /e/ and /i/.

Maybe the most important  is that they are not formed by two simple vowels together, but one long vowel where the pronunciation changes since the beginning to the end, in other words, the pronunciation changes completely at the end of the word. The most common diphthongs are said to be /ow/, /ou/, /oy/ and /oi/ as in bow, ground, toy and coin

2.2.          CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS

Their main characteristics are the following:

        Both vowels have to be lax.

        The first one is the most important in terms of stress. This means that, for example, in diphthong [aɪ], sound [a] is much longer and stronger than sound [ɪ].

        Vowels pronunciation take place through a glide, that is, through a continuous and very smooth movement from the first vowel to the second, in other words, they are not articulated distinctly

        the diphthongs must be envisaged as resulting from the tongue and lip movement from an initial position to a position approaching the position of the second sound element.

2.3.            Types:

We have two different types of diphthong, and these can be:

ü Closing: this type of diphthong is the one in which the last vowel is near-high. As the two vowels need to be lax, there are only two different possibilities [ɪ] and [ʊ].

ü Centering: these ones ends in a vowel [ə] (schwa).

It is important to mention that diphthongs [aɪ], [eɪ], [ɔɪ], and [aʊ] can be found in British and American English, and [əʊ] only in British.

Most common diphthongs found in American English (Briceño, 2017)

/eɪ/: It has a Long A sound

This type of diphthong is very similar to the long A sound. The correct way to pronounce it is as a long A sound sliding into a long E sound. It is important to understand that some dialects pronounce the long A sound as one single sound. There is also the case where is pronounced as two vowel sounds. Some people who has a southern accent, mainly from the south part of the United States will stretch out the diphthong more. Some examples are:

Day, may, clay, away, lay, play, eight

/aɪ/: This type of diphthong is pronounced as a long I sound sliding into a long E sound.
The sound of this diphthong can vary from one dialect to another one. In some places the long I sound is pronounced in the words as one single sound. Some dialects pronounce the vowel sound more like the “AH” sound you would here in “ball”. Or it can also be pronounced as two vowel sounds. Some examples of words with this type of diphthong are:

Sky, try, fry, pie, cry, tie, why, eye

  /ɔɪ/: This one is pronounced as a long O sound, in this case, the sound quickly slides into a long E sound. Some examples of this type of diphthong are:

           Joy, annoy, enjoy, ploy, soil, boil

     /ɪə/: It is pronounced as a long E sound sliding into an Ur sound. The examples are:

  Pier, hear, steer, clear, fear

     /eə/: This diphthong is pronounced as a long A sound sliding into a U sound. Examples:

          Beard, hair, fair, stairs, pair, wear, where

/aʊ/: Is pronounced as a short A sound sliding into an “oo” sound. Some examples of this type of diphthong are the following:

            Brown, cow, how, frown, now, wow

/əʊ/: This diphthong is frequently used and only pronounced as a single long O sound. It is important to remember that this type has a long O sound sliding into an “oo” sound. Some examples are:

           Yellow, coat, float, though, toe, no, low, although.

/ʊə/:  This diphthong is pronounced as a log O sound sliding into a U sound.  For example: tourist, poor, moor.

 

Examples of Diphthongs:

ü   /eɪ/ as in day, pay, say, lay

ü   /aɪ/ as in sky, buy, cry, tie

ü   /ɔɪ/ as in boy, toy, coy or the first syllable of soya

ü   /ɪə/ as in beer, pier, hear

ü   /eə/ as in bear, pair, and hair

ü   /ʊə/ as in tour, poor or the first syllable of tourist

ü   /əʊ/ as in oh, no, so, or phone

ü   /aʊ/ as in all the words of “How now brown cow”

Transcription of Diphthongs

Diphthong Word Phonetic Transcription

ü    // day  /deɪ/

ü    // tie  /taɪ/

ü    /ɔɪ/ toy  /tɔɪ/

ü    /ɪə/ hear  /hɪə/

ü    // hair  /heə/

ü    /ʊə/ poor  /pʊə/ 

2.      TRIPHTHONGS

Is the union of three vowels (letters or sounds) pronounced in one syllable (as in fire), More example sentences, 'Diphthongs and Triphthongs do not come into the picture at all, ''Words such as course and force are sometimes realized with a triphthong /, especially among older speakers. (wikipedia, 2020)

 A Triphthongs is a glide from one vowel to another and the to a third, all produced rapidly and without interruption. For example, a careful pronunciation of the word ‘hour’ begins with a vowel quality similar to ‘ɑ:’, goes on to ‘ʊ’ then ends in ‘ə’.

It says /aʊə/

2.1.            Triphthong Word Phonetic Transcription

A combination of three vowel sounds in a single syllable forming a simple or compound sound: also, a union of three vowel characters representing together a single sound: a trigragh: as eye. Ieu in adieu. Eau in beau, are examples of Triphthongs.

 

5 closing diphthongs with ‘ə’ added on the end.

         eɪ + ə = eɪə. as in layer, player

         aɪ + ə = aɪə. as in lire, fire

         ɔɪ + ə = ɔɪə, as in loyal, royal

         əʊ + ə = əuə, as in lower, mower

         aʊ + ə = auə, as in power, hour.

Ø  /eɪə/ player           /peɪə/

Ø  /aɪə/ fire    /faɪə/

Ø  /ɔɪə/ royal  /rɔɪəl/

Ø  /əuə/ mower         /məuə/

Ø  /auə/ hour /hauə/

 the pronunciation of English triphthongs. Being aware of it will help you not only to sound more natural and fluent but also to understand what native speakers say better.

 

WEBSITES

_ Briceño, G. (30 de MAYO de 2017). DIPHTHONG /what is it. Obtenido de DIPHTHONG /what is it: https://www.euston96.com/en/diphthong/

_ Estrella, C. M. (06 de enero de 2020). The sounds of english. Obtenido de The sounds of english: https://www.slideshare.net/jedina28/the-sounds-of-english

_ Grinchenko, U. d. (27 de julio de 2006). Fonética teórica / Sonidos en inglés.ppt. Obtenido de Fonética teórica / Sonidos en inglés.ppt: https://studfile.net/preview/5113292/page:2/

_ Hussain, S. (s.f.). Phonetics & Phonology. Obtenido de Phonetics & Phonology: http://staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132107096/pendidikan/Book+Two+for+Phonology.pdf

_wikipedia. (02 de junio de 2020). Triphthong. Obtenido de Triphthong: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triphthong

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